1.Smith, Neil. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. Taylor and Francis Group, 1996.

 In the book, Smith reveals the process of Harlem gentrification. Harlem’s property increased in the 19th century, which open up economic opportunity for developers. Nevertheless, this transformation developed advantages and disadvantages to the community’s residents and investors. The author uses different sources of information to support his argument. He described Harlem characteristic has two consequences. The land’s potential provides economic opportunity for the developer also its effects on Harlem residents negatively. The source is useful for the causes and effect of Harlem gentrification by specifying Harlem’s trait with impacts on both sides during and at the end of the process. I would include this source in my paper as the author addressed Harlem gentrification and the impact on the residents.

2. Bernt, Matthias. “The ‘Double Movements’ of Neighborhood Change: Gentrification and Public Policy in Harlem Prenzlauer Berg.” Urban Studies, vol. 49, no. 14, November 2012, pp. 3045-3062.

Bert explains the cause of the rent gap theory that led Harlem to gentrified among the social problem Harlem experience. In the 19th century, Harlem experienced a particular condition that caused oversupply and ended up abandoned, which increases the rate of poverty. Bert uses different sources of information to support his article. He described Harlem gentrification as a long-term project cause by specific events that occur at that period. Furthermore, the new construction and rehabilitation of the area’s housing became more affordable for the residents.  This reference would be valuable for the times that have taking to complete the transformation. I would include this on the causes of Harlem gentrification because it included the theory’s information, the process, and the time used for this renewed plan.

3. Shum Kathryn, and Shamella Williams. “Moving up: The gentrification of Harlem.” New York Amsterdam News, vol. 91, no.40, 5 Oct. 2000, p22. 

The authors emphasize the disadvantage of gentrification had causes Harlemites. They interview Harlem residents to support their argument. Throughout the article, the authors used Nellie Hester Bailey’s view to describe gentrification as the landlord and real estate’s purpose to make money, which causes the lower- middle class unable to afford the rent and forced to move out in Harlem. Shum and Shamella’s overall purpose is to demonstrate gentrification is more harmful than beneficial to the residents. This source provides a general summary of Harlem residents’ perspective toward the renewed plan and data comparison to show the impact of gentrification. It will be a useful reference to support the gentrification movement that has turndown Harlem residents negatively. I would include this source in my paper to support gentrification and has brought a problem to the Harlemites, also the destination investors for money-making.